This one is for Detroit and all those who lost their Childrens homes to Communist EW.

This one is for Detroit and all those who lost their Childrens homes to Communist EW.
This is an unprofessional Collection cite. That wishes for Speech and Debate with Regards to the topics collected and Special Libraried. I wish for defense of Fair Use Doctrine, not for profit, educational collection. "The new order was tailored to a genius who proposed to constrain the contending forces, both domestic and foreign, by manipulating their antagonisms" "As a professor, I tended to think of history as run by impersonal forces. But when you see it in practice, you see the difference personalities make." Therefore, "Whenever peace-concieved as the avoidance of war-has been the primary objective of a power or a group of powers, the international system has been at the mercy of the most ruthless member" Henry Kissinger The World market crashed. There was complete blame from the worlds most ruthless power on the world's most protective and meditational power. So I responded. http://rideriantieconomicwarfaretrisii.blogspot.com/ http://rideriantieconomicwarfaretrisiii.blogspot.com/ http://rideriantieconomicwarfaretrisiv.blogspot.com/ http://rideriantieconomicwarfaretrisv.blogspot.com/ http://rideriantieconomicwarfaretrisvi.blogspot.com/ Currently being edited. http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=H9AfqVIxEzg If you have any problem with IP or copyright laws that you feel are in violation of the research clause that allows me to cite them as per clicking on them. Then please email me at ridereye@gmail.com US Copy Right Office Fair Use doctrine. Special Libary community common law, and Speech and Debate Congressional research civilian assistant. All legal defenses to copy right infringement.

Monday, September 6, 2010

China's Exchange Rate is just one part of the strategy.

Cited document from:
http://www.econstrat.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=412&Itemid=1 

"Prestowitz Testimony Before House Ways and Means Committee - China's Exchange Rate


Statement of Clyde Prestowitz President Economic Strategy Institute
Committee on House Ways and Means
March 24, 2010
Chairman Levin, Ranking Member Brady, and members of the subcommittee on trade, thank you for the opportunity to speak to you this morning. My name is Clyde Prestowitz, President of the Economic Strategy Institute.
In answer to the question of whether or not China is manipulating its currency, the answer is, of course, that it is doing so by intervening constantly in currency markets to maintain the nominal value of the Renminbi (RMB) at a fixed rate to the dollar. Such action does not make China unique. A number of other countries (Saudi Arabia for example) also peg their currencies to the dollar and also intervene from time to time in currency markets to maintain those pegs, and their actions do not attract much attention.
What makes the China case such an important issue is the same factor that made Japan's currency policies so contentious in the 1980s. The currency manipulation is only one aspect of an economic development strategy that emphasizes export led growth. Countries that pursue this strategy attempt to achieve the economies of scale beyond those arising from supplying their domestic markets by expanding production capacity to supply foreign markets as well.
The strategy typically entails strong incentives and even compulsory measures to assure high savings rates, high rates of investment in so called strategic, export industries (typically steel, machinery, electronics, aerospace, chemicals, textiles, and autos), a variety of subsidies for exports, currencies that are kept undervalued in order to provide an indirect subsidy to exports, and various constraints on imports and foreign participation in domestic markets. The objective of these strategies is not only to achieve strong exports, but also to realize continuous current account surpluses and to accumulate large dollar reserve holdings.
These policies typically result in huge global imbalances and are essentially "beggar thy neighbor" in their impact on other countries. It is important to understand that it is this latter element that leads to discontent, international friction, and demands for a response. Commentators often discuss the trade deficits and attribute trade frictions to the size and chronic nature of such trade deficits. But the truth is that we have trade deficits with countries (like the oil producers) with whom we have no trade frictions. It is not the deficits, per se, that are the problem. Rather it is market distortions and predatory displacement of industries that arise in strategic trade situations that give rise to dissatisfaction and complaints. And this would be true even if we had trade surpluses with China and other strategic trading countries. The issue is not imbalances. Rather, it is strategic trade or what some might call mercantilism.
A large majority of analysts and commentators agree that China has long been pursuing strategic trade and globalization policies and that part of this has been and is an effort to keep the RMB undervalued as a subsidy to exports. It is further agreed that this currency undervaluation has proved economically beneficial to China's export industries while also proving harmful to the economies of a number of other countries including that of the United States.
Our trade balance, our international debt, the continuing erosion or our industrial output - these are all important economic issues that can be in some way at least partially linked to China's currency manipulation and its broader strategic export and development strategies. Interestingly, the Japanese example indicates that these policies are eventually likely to be harmful to China as well. . China is still a developing country, and needs to cultivate domestic demand and promote sustainable growth. The continued policy of an artificially devalued yuan is not in China's best interests. Greater exchange rate flexibility will help reinforce a shift in the composition of growth, and allow them to weather fluctuations in global supply and demand.
The problem, however, is far bigger than China's currency, and let's be clear that China is not the only one in this game. Many of the East Asian countries are managing their currencies to facilitate their export competitiveness into the U.S. market. But currency is just the tip of the iceberg. We've all been engaging in a huge charade. We in the United States have been acting on the basis of the presumption that in a world of globalization, with a majority of countries being IMF and WTO members, that all countries are playing the same globalization game. And that it is a game of win-win free trade.
This has never been true and is increasingly less true. In fact, the world is divided - some important countries (the U.S., the UK, a few others) are more or less free traders, but many other countries are neo-mercantilists pursuing export-led growth strategies guided by elaborate industrial policies. We've seen this movie before. We've seen Japan pioneer the export-led growth strategy, followed by the Asian Tigers, and now we're seeing the last tiger, or perhaps the first dragon, perfecting the model. A model, it should be noted, that is not unique to Asia. Indeed, we see Germany pursuing accumulation of chronic trade current account surpluses and insisting that it can never buy more of the products of its partners in the EU.
That this is being discussed now is due in large part to the semiannual Treasury report due this April 15th on the exchange rate policies of foreign countries. What complicates the issue is the fact that the report necessitates a presidential action fraught with considerations far beyond the narrow sphere of currency devaluation. Moreover, the report is structured such that it puts the United States in an accusatory position, labeling China as being unfair. Not surprisingly, the possibility of such an accusation by the United States leads Chinese leaders not to want to appear to be submitting to U.S. pressure, even if the U.S. position is on the issue is correct.
On the other hand, a large majority of economists and informed observers agree that China is manipulating its currency, intervening in currency markets, accumulating huge reserve surpluses, and harmfully distorting markets, including its own. If the President doesn't declare China to be doing what everyone knows it is doing, he will lose face and appear weak. It will look like he is being dishonest, and kowtowing to China. When we consider some scenarios that may emerge, the picture does not improve. For instance, there has been much talk of late that China will soon allow some small degree of revaluation.
While that may appear to be a mutually beneficial outcome that would save faces all around, the truth is that a nominal revaluation is not a solution to the problem. Only a major revaluation over a relatively short period can have the necessary impact. If China were to make a token move - say, three or four percent - that is not a gesture we should view as significant. Though small enough to prevent the Chinese leadership from losing face at home, yet appear to us as though they are capitulating to our concerns, such a minor change will have no significant impact. It is not enough for the Chinese to make token gestures in order to appease us diplomatically - real change must be accomplished. We cannot fall into the trap of being satisfied with occasional nominal adjustments.
Rather than making this a bilateral issue, it is clearly preferable that some multilaterally negotiated arrangement be achieved, perhaps in the G20 or in the WTO or even in the IMF. Another option is negotiating with China in a multilateral context, such as the G20 or the WTO. But if that can't be achieved in some reasonable period of time, countries, including the United States, will be obliged to defend their interests in whatever way they deem appropriate, unilaterally or as a coalition of concerned countries. A difficulty is that the global institutions and many of their key underlying concepts such as most favored nation and national treatment are not cognizant of the present structural realities and not adequate to deal with the problems of a world that is half neo-mercantilist/strategic trade and half free trade. How laughable is it that countries put enormous effort into the WTO to lower tariffs while ignoring exchange rates which can easily move by a magnitude greater than the value of the tariffs the WTO system has reduced, or that the IMF can discuss currency values and exchange rates without reference to trade and investment? Yet they do. We should recognize and use this opportunity to begin establishing 21st century institutions for the 21st century. The first step is to recognize the realities.
While the WTO has instituted rules about national treatment and most-favored nation status, application varies by country. Although we have created a trade regime that works in theory, we need to be addressing not just trade but the issues that are inextricably linked to it, including exchange rates. What we need is not the trade regime we've developed, but a globalization regime. Can we really have deep economic integration between authoritarian, strategically guided economies and democratic/laissez faire economies? This is one example of the dichotomy between mythology and reality. While China's currency is part of the bigger problem and must be honestly dealt with, by itself it won't solve the problems we face unless we deal with the other aspects of the issue as well. Investment incentives (capital grants, tax holidays), antitrust policies or lack thereof, industrial targeting policies, structures of distribution and so forth. We have a WTO, but what we really need is a world globalization organization.
Negotiations similar to those of the Plaza Agreement of 1985 should be launched immediately to coordinate a substantial (40 to 50 percent) revaluation of a number of managed Asian currencies versus the dollar and the euro over the next two to three years. This would also have to entail an agreement to halt strategic currency management activities. A second longer term objective of the deal would be a reversal of savings and consumption patterns in the United States and Asia. Once the current recession is behind us, Washington would promise to balance the federal budget over the business cycle and to reform poorly targeted consumption incentives like the tax deductibility of interest on home equity loans, while key Asian and oil producing countries and Germany would undertake to increase domestic consumption. China could upgrade its social safety net, and a true liberalization of Japan's housing and consumer credit markets might do wonders. The oil countries also need to improve social safety nets and greatly upgrade their infra-structure.
After this initial deal, the IMF or a new body representing the major currencies (dollar, euro, yen, and yuan) must continue to coordinate policy and manage appropriate currency adjustment. Its mission must be to push the global system toward balance. To this end it should effect a transition to a more stable global currency system. One possible option would be a basket of currencies. Indeed, the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) already represent a currency basket and an exchange of dollars for SDRs (China has actually suggested something like this recently) might be used as a device to get away from excessive reliance on the dollar. Regardless of how it is done, the end result must be a system that makes neo- mercantilist currency management and U.S. abuse of the privilege of printing the dominant currency impossible.
If starting such discussions proves difficult, the United States in concert with other affected countries could initiate unfair trade actions under their domestic laws and also under the anti- subsidy and nullification and impairment provisions of the WTO. It could also formally call for official consultations by the IMF with certain of its members regarding their currency management practices. This, of course, would be strong medicine, but it would surely stimulate discussion, and it is all perfectly legal and in keeping with both the rules and spirit of open, rules based trade. Over the longer term, the currently prevailing half- free trade, half-mercantilist system of globalization must be replaced by the establishment of a one economy-one system regime.
To do this the WTO will have to be completely revamped with new standards, rules, and authority. Most Favored Nation and National Treatment standards are no longer sufficient. There must be just one kind of WTO Treatment in all economies. Global rules must be created to break up and regulate cartels. Distribution and marketing channels must be equivalently open in all markets not only de jure but de facto. It must be possible to appeal on such issues not just to national courts but to objective international dispute settlement bodies. Sovereign investment funds and state controlled enterprises must be subject to international scrutiny and to transparency and rules that assure they are operating completely outside the political realm. Likewise, tax holidays, capital grants, and other financial incentives used to bribe global corporations with regard to location of plants, labs, and headquarters must be subject to common WTO and IMF discipline. Nor should the WTO and other international bodies wait for complaints to address these issues. Rather, they should maintain continuous monitoring of real market developments and apply discipline wherever and whenever necessary.

Again, it may be difficult to obtain agreement on negotiating such rules. Therefore, the United States and other interested countries should not hesitate to file WTO and IMF complaints and take the actions allowed by international law against measures and policies that distort globalization. Financial investment incentives targeted to particular industries and companies can be attacked under the anti-subsidy rules while toleration of cartels and favored positions for state related enterprises can be attacked under the nullification and impairment rules. Again, the U.S. authorities should not wait for complaints. Because of their greater sensitivity to authoritarian regimes than to democracies, global corporations will hesitate to bring complaints for fear of retaliation from authoritarian neo-mercantilist regimes.
Therefore, U.S. and other affected officials should monitor conditions proactively and self-initiate appropriate actions.
Again, these are sure to stimulate negotiations.
Of, course, if negotiations are not possible, then we will be forced to defend our own interests as best we can unilaterally."
Cited From:
http://www.econstrat.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=412&Itemid=1 

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